This suggests that farmers in irrigation schemes as long back as the 1930s were earning higher incomes than dryland farmers. substantially more than dryland farmers, probably more than employees of white farmers, and comparable to levels enjoyed by urban workers". Roder (1965) indicated that irrigation projects have been successful in enabling farmers to obtain a certain amount of wealth, ". A number of studies have claimed that earlier irrigation schemes, established by missionaries in the 1930s, performed well in terms of agricultural performance, financial and economic viability. Literature on smallholder irrigation in Zimbabwe gives conflicting conclusions on the viability and sustainability of smallholder schemes. The last part of this chapter presents the methodology used in the study, a brief description of the study areas selected and the justification for selecting them. An attempt is made to cover not only literature specific to Zimbabwe but also some literature on other African and Asian countries. This chapter reviews a selection of the existing literature on smallholder irrigation. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SMALLHOLDER IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT IN ZIMBABWE
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